Automatic Identification and Classification of the Iranian Traditional Music Scales (Dastgāh) and Melody Models (Gusheh): Analytical and Comparative Review on Conducted Research

Authors
Amir Vafaeian 1
Keivan Borna 1
Hamed Sajedi 2
Dariush Alimohammadi 1
Pouya Sarai 3
1 Kharazmi University
2 shahed University
3 Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch
Abstract
Background and Aim: Automatic identification and classification of the Iranian traditional music scales (Dastgāh) and melody models (Gusheh) has attracted the attention of the researchers for more than a decade. The current research aims to review conducted researches on this area and consider its different approached and obstacles.

Method: The research approach is content analysis and data collection method is based on the documentary-library study.

Results: Findings indicated that the main obstacles and reasons for the inefficiency of this area researches are due to performing the researches in parallel and individually, lack of a coherent dataset for Iranian traditional music and also, lack of researcher’s knowledge of the theoretical foundations of Iranian traditional music.

Conclusion: It could be considered two main approaches for researches in automatic identification of the Iranian traditional music. The major researches has been published until now, is conducted based on Macro approach, which merely considers the scales of five Dastgāhs in distinguishing them from each other. Since Dastgāhs division does not have enough authenticity and there is no consensus on the number of Dastgāhs and their boundaries among the Iranian music theorists, Micro approach has been suggested for future researches, which tries to identify short melody models (Gushehs) based of melody sequences of representative phrase of the Gusheh.
Keywords
Iranian Traditional Music
Iranian Music Repertoire
Melody Model (Gusheh)
Music Information Retrieval
Automatic Identification of Music
Algorithm of Dastgāh Identification
Music Feature Extraction
Classifier
Abbasi Layegh, M., Haghipour, S. & Najafi Sarem, Y. (2013). Classification of the Radif of Mirza Abdollah a canonic repertoire of Persian music using SVM method, Gazi University Journal of Science, Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 1 (4): 57-66.
Abdoli S. (2011). Iranian traditional music Dastgah classification, 12th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2011), 275-280.
Abdollahzadegan, S. (2014). Automatic classification of Iranian traditional music based on scale (Dastgah). Supervisor: Shahram Jafari. Master's Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz. (Persian)
Abdollahzadegan, S., Jafari, Sh. and Dirand, M. (2014). Automatic detection of scale (Dastgah) of Iranian traditional music based on Recital Performance of Tar and Santur by intelligent extraction of note. 20th National Annual Conference of Iranian Computer Society. Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. (Persian)
Asadi, H. (2004). Theoretical foundations of Persian classical music: Dastgah as a multi-modal cycle. Mahoor Music Quarterly, 6 (22): 43-56. (Persian)
Barkeshli, M. (1961). International Music Congress: conservation of national and folk music traditions. Music-e Iran Magazine, 9 (12). Republished by: Mmahoor Music Quarterly, 6 (22), Winter 2004, Pp. 173-193. (Persian)
Bayat, H. (2013). Classification and Identification of scale (Dastgah) in Iranian music. Supervisor: Hamed Sajedi. Master's Dissertation, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran. (Persian)
Beigzadeh, Borhan & Belali Koochesfahani, Mo-jtaba (2016). Classification of Iranian traditional musical modes (Dastgāh) with artificial neural network. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Vibra-tion and Acoustics, 2 (2): 107-118.
Behnamnia, B. (2010). Structural study of the Gushes in Nava scale in Mirza Abdollah's repertoire. Supervisor: Hamidreza Ardalan. Master's Dissertation, Iranian Music Performance, Faculty of Music, University of Art, Tehran. (Persian)
Brown, J.C. (1992). Musical fundamental frequency tracking using a pattern recognition method. Journal of Acoustical Society of America, September, 92 (3): 425-434.
Darabi, N. (2003). Producing and analyzing music digital signals: designing Nava scale programming language to produce music pieces and automatic

recognition of scales (Dastgahs) for Persian music, Bachelor's Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khaje Nasir Toosi University of Technology, Tehran. (Persian)
Darabi, N., Azimi, N. H. & Nojumi, H. (2006). Recognition of Dastgah and Maqam for Persian Music with Detecting Skeletal Melodic Models, The second annual IEEE BENELUX/DSP Valley Signal Processing Symposium (SPS-DARTS 2006), Belgium, March. Available via: http://sharif.edu/~nojumi/pubfiles/rdmpmdsmm.pdf
Downie, J.S. (2003). Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Chapter 7: Music Information Retrieval. 295-340.
Fakhraddini, F. (2013). Analysis and description of Radifs (repertoires) in Iranian Music. Tehran: Moin and Music Museum of Iran Publishing Co. (Persian)
Gavahian Jahromi, E. (2010). Persian Music Classification using Pitch Profile Feature. Supervisor: Hossein Marvi. Advisor: Ali Soleimani. Master's Dissertation, Faculty of Electrical and Robotic Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood. (Persian)
Hajimolahoseini, H., Amirfattahi, R. & Zekri, M. (2012). Real-time Classification of Persian Musical Dastgahs Using Artificial Neural Network. The 16th CSI International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Signal Processing (AISP 2012), 157-160.
Hannaneh, M. (1988). Lost Scales: A research on the foundations and concepts of Iranian music. Soroush Publishing Co. (Persian)
Heydarian, P. (1999). Music note recognition for Santur. Supervisor: Ehsanollah Kabir, Master's Dissertation, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. (Persian)
Heydarian, P. (2016). Automatic recognition of Persian musical modes in audio musical signals. Ph.D. Thesis, supervisors: Lewis Jones and Allan Seago. UK: London Metropolitan University, Faculty of Art, Architecture and Design. June.
Kamalpurtorab, M. (2014). New approach to Iranian music theory of Alinaghi Vaziri. Tehran: Nayoney Publishing Co. (Persian)
Kamie, R. (2001). Music: an appreciation. Translator: Hossein Yasini. Tehran: Cheshmeh Publishing Co. (Persian)
Kassler, M. (1966). Toward Musical Information Retrieval. Perspectives of New Music, Spring & Summer, 4 (2): 59-67.
Khaleghi, R. (2006). Music Instrument and Speech: Introduction of Iranian music scales (Dastgahs), including ten instructional CDs. CD No. 5 and 6. Chaharbagh Bang Institute of Cultural and Art. Tehran (Persian)
Kiani, M. (2014). Seven scales (Dastgahs) of Iranian music. Tehran: Sooremehr Publishing Co. (Persian)
Loy, G. (2006). Musimathics: the mathematical foundations of music. Volume 1. Massachusetts State: MIT Press.
Mahmoodan, S. (2012). Automatic classification of audio signals using artificial neural network. Supervisor: Ayoob Banooshi. Master's Dissertation in Audio Engineering, Department of Broadcasting, IRIB University, Tehran. (Persian)
Mahmoodan, S. and Banooshi, A. (2012). Automatic classification of Mahoor scale (Dastgah) using artificial neural network. 2nd Conference of Iranian Society of Acoustics and Vibrations (ISAV). Sharif University, Tehran. (Persian)
Mansouri, P. (2011). The basic theory of music. 3rd edition. Tehran: Karnameh Publishing Co. (Persian)
Maroufi, M. (1977). Iranian traditional music scales (Dastgahs) from in Mirza Abdollah's, Agha Hosseingholi's and Darvishkhan's repertoires (Radifs). Tehran: Foundation of Iranian Academies, Iran Literature and Arts Academy (Persian)
Nettl, B. (2014). The Radif of Persian Music: Studies of Structure and Cultural Context. Translator: Ali Shadkam. Tehran: Sooremehr Publishing Co. (Persian)
Peivandi, J. (2015). Design an efficient System to Detect Traditional Iranian Music style. Supervisor: Hadi Soltanizadeh. Master's Dissertation in Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineerin, Semnan University, Semnan. (Persian)
Rezakhah, R. (2010). Development and expansion of melody models in Mirza Abdollah's repertoire. Supervisor: Majid Kiani. Advisor: Ali Akbar Shekarchi, Master's Dissertation, Iranian Music Performance, Faculty of Music, University of Art, Tehran. (Persian)
Safvat, D. and Caron, N. (2012). Iranian National Music. Translator: Soussan Salimzadeh. Tehran: Aras Publishing Co. (Persian)
Talai, D. (2015). Radif analysis: based on the Notation of Mirza Abdollah's Radif with Annotated visual description. Tehran: Ney Publishing Co. (Persian)
Tavakoli, B. (2007). A survey on different theories of Iranian music: Undefined defines. Journal of culture and music, 3 (15): 46-50. (Persian)
Theoretical Fundamentals of Iranian music (2009). Hossein Alizadeh...[et. al]. Tehran: Mahoor Institute of Culture and Arts. (Persian)
Tzanetakis, G. (2015). Music Information Retrieval (Courseware). Available via: http://marsyas.cs.uvic.ca/mirBook/mirBook_jan05_2015.pdf
Vafaeian, A. (2017). Study on scientific products in music information retrieval in Scopus. Scientomet-rics Research Journal, Bi-quarterly: Winter and Summer, 3 (5): 30-47. (Persian)
Human and Information Interaction
Volume 5, Issue 2
Summer 2018
Pages 46-72