همزیستی انسان و فناوری معنایی از منظر نظریه کنش‌گر-شبکه

نویسندگان
1 گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه ولی عصر، رفسنجان، ایران.
3 دانشکده علوم مهندسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: امروزه، فناوری‌های معنایی، از طریق ارائه روش‌های هوشمند مدیریت داده، امکان استدلال ماشینی را فراهم آورده‌اند. این قابلیت، شکل‌های جدیدی از تعامل میان انسان‌ها و فناوری‌های معنایی را به وجود آورده است که در مطالعات از آن به «تعامل معنایی» یاد می‌شود. گسترش روزافزون این نوع تعاملات در زندگی روزمره، ضرورت شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر آن و معرفی الزامات یک تعامل هم‌افزا، که در این پژوهش از آن به مدل همزیستی تعبیر شده است را آشکار می‌سازد. هدف بررسی چیستی، چرایی و چگونگی تعامل انسان و فناوری معنایی در قالب مدل همزیستی، هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر است. ارائه چنین مدلی می‌تواند در توسعه راهبردهای فعال در مواجهه با فناوری‌های هوشمند، به ویژه فناوری معنایی مفید باشد.

روش: پژوهش حاضر، مبتنی بر روش‌شناسی نظریه کنش‌گر-شبکه، به معرفی کنش‌گر-شبکه‌های همزیستی پرداخته است. داده‌های مورد نیاز پژوهش، به طور عمده از طریق مصاحبه با مدیران، کارشناسان و کاربران فعال در مرکز تحقیقات کامپیوتری علوم اسلامی گردآوری شده است.

یافته‌ها: در همزیستی انسان-فناوری معنایی، علاوه بر انسان (در قالب طراح یا کاربر)، 11 کنش‌گر دیگر (شامل: محصول معنایی، زمینه، زیرساخت، داده، دانش، رسانه اجتماعی، وب، مراکز علمی، سازمان، هوش مصنوعی و هستان‌شناسی) نقش دارند که در تعامل با یکدیگر، هفت کنش‌گر-شبکه پویای همزیستی (شامل: طراحی و توسعه محصول، استفاده از محصول، رهبری و مدیریت، مدیریت داده، مدیریت دانش، آموزش و شرایط زمینه‌ای) را تشکیل می‌دهند.

نتیجه‌گیری: محصولات معنایی در کنار انسان، کنش‌گرانی مستقل، خودمختار و خودآگاه هستند که قادرند در همزیستی میان انسان و فناوری، از صرف واسطه تغییر بودن فراتر رفته و حاکم بر تغییرات اجتماعی شوند؛ در چنین شرایطی، انسان به عنوان آفریننده محصول معنایی، باید علاوه بر تقویت قابلیت‌های فنی در آفرینش محصول، نسبت به واسپاری اموری که محصول قادر به انجام آن است اقدام نماید


کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

The Symbiosis of Human and Semantic Technology Through the Lens of Actor-Network Theory

نویسندگان English

Hamidreza Rostami 1
Shaban Elahi 2
Ali Moeini 3
Alireza Hassanzadeh 1
چکیده English

Background: Semantic technologies (STs) have made machine reasoning possible by providing intelligent data management methods. This capability has created new forms of interaction between humans and STs, which is called "semantic interaction." The increasing spread of this form of interaction in daily life reveals the need to identify the factors affecting it and introduce the requirements of a synergistic interaction, which in this study is interpreted as a model of symbiosis.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate what, why, and how human-ST symbiosis occurs in the form of a symbiosis model. Providing such a model could be valuable in developing active strategies in the face of intelligent technologies.

Methodology: The study introduces actor-networks of human symbiosis based on the actor-network methodology. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight managers, experts, and users in the Computer Research Centers of Islamic Sciences (CRCIS) and examined using the actor network method. All phases of data collection, implementations, coding and analysis were done under NVivo software.

Findings: In the human-ST symbiosis, beside human eleven other actors: Semantic products, context, infrastructure, data, knowledge, social media, Web, scientific centers, organization, AI and ontology are identified. Their interaction establishes seven dynamic actors-networks of symbiosis: Product design and development, use, leadership and management, data, knowledge management, training and contextual conditions.

Conclusion: Semantic products alongside human beings are independent, autonomous, and self-aware actors who are able to go beyond mere mediation of change and govern social change in the Human-ST symbiosis. In such circumstances, man, as the creator and maintainer of the semantic product, in addition to strengthening the technical capabilities in the creation of the product, must entrust to the product the things that the product is able to do.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Semantic technology
Human Technology Interaction
Human ST Symbiosis
Actor-Network theory
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Cvetinovic, M., Nedovic-Budic, Z., & Bolay, J.-C. (2017). Decoding urban development dynamics through actor-network methodological approach. Geoforum, 82, 141-157. doi:
Douša, P. (2011). Using Actor-Network Theory to Enhance the Mediating Activities of Grassroots Support Organizations.
Foster, I. (2008). Human-Machine Symbiosis, 50 Years On (Vol. 16).
Gane, N., & Haraway, D. (2006). When we have never been human, what is to be done? Interview with Donna Haraway. Theory Culture & Society, 23(7-8), 135-+. doi:10.1177/0263276406069228
Gill, K. S. (2012). Human machine symbiosis: The foundations of human-centred systems design: Springer Science & Business Media.
Grigsby, S. (2018). Artificial Intelligence for Advanced Human-Machine Symbiosis. In (pp. 255-266).
Hashemian, M. H., & Anvari, M. (1397). Implications of Actor-network theory in cultural policy-making: The interaction of technology and human in policy-making. Religion and cultural politics, 1397(10), 37-64.
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-AI symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons. doi:
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: Human-Al symbiosis in organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.03.007
Kohlhase, A., & Kohlhase, M. (2008). Semantic knowledge management for education. Proceedings of the IEEE, 96(6), 970-989. doi:10.1109/jproc.2008.921606
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social-An Introduction to Actor Network Theory: Oxford university press.
Lee, J., & Seppelt, B. (2009). Human Factors in Automation Design. In (pp. 417-436).
Licklider, J. C. R. (1960). Man-Computer Symbiosis. IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics, HFE-1(1), 4-11. doi:10.1109/THFE2.1960.4503259
Nabipour, I., & Assadi, M. (2016). The technological singularity and exponential medicine. BPUMS, 18(6), 1287-1298. doi:10.7508/ismj.1394.06.018
Parry, K., Cohen, M., & Bhattacharya, S. (2016). Rise of the Machines: A Critical Consideration of Automated Leadership Decision Making in Organizations. Group & Organization Management, 41(5), 571-594. doi:10.1177/1059601116643442
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Seppelt, B., & Lee, J. (2012). Human Factors and Ergonomics in Automation Design. In (pp. p. 1615-1642).
Tatnall, A., & Gilding, A. (1999). Actor-Network Theory and Information Systems Research.
Williams, I. (2020). Contemporary applications of actor network theory. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.