شناسایی راهبردهای جستجو کاربران در فرایند اطلاع جویی در وب

نویسندگان
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
هدف: در این مقاله به شناسایی راهبردهای جستجوی کاربران و میزان استفاده آن‌ها از راهبردهای جستجو درمحیط وب پرداخته شده است.

روش: این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه‌ی دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد بود که در نیمسال اول در این دانشگاه به تحصیل اشتغال داشتند؛ از بین ‌آن‌ها، تعداد 95 نفر به شیوه تصادفی طبقه‌ای به عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از ابزار فایل‌های ثبت رخداد بهره گرفته شد.

یافته‌ها: در این پژوهش 12 راهبرد در 5 دسته کلی مشاهده شد. راهبرد ارزیابی تکرارشونده در زبانه‌ای دیگر، شکل جدیدی از راهبرد ارزیابی نتایج بود. از میان راهبردهای جستجو نیز دسته راهبردهای آغاز جستجو با مجموع 397 تکرار، بیش‌ترین استفاده را داشت و دسته راهبردهای ارزیابی نتایج جستجو با 321 تکرار در جایگاه دوم قرار گرفت. همچنین، دسته راهبردهای دسترسی چندگانه همزمان به منابع با 77 بار تکرار کم‌ترین راهبردهای مورد استفاده بود، اما به‌طور خاص راهبرد اکتشاف تکرارشونده با 21 بار تکرار کم‌کاربردترین راهبرد مورد استفاده بود. بررسی همبستگی بین راهبردها نیز نشان داد برخی از ضرایب همبستگی پیرسون معنی‌دار بود و برخی دیگر معنی‌دار نبود. از بین ضرایب همبستگی معنی‌دار، بیش‌ترین رابطه بین متغیرهای راهبرد ارزیابی نتایج جستجو و راهبرد آغاز جستجو با میزان ضریب همبستگی 591/0 بود.

نتیجه: نتایج نشان داد دانشجویان بیش‌تر از راهبردهای سنتی و ساده‌ای چون تدوین عبارت جستجو و ارزیابی تکرارشونده نتایج استفاده می‌کردند و کم‌تر به راهبردهای پیچیده‌تر می‌پرداختند. همین امر لزوم آموزش راهبردها به دانشجویان را نشان می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Identifying Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Graduated Students' Search Strategies during their Information-searching through the Web

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Nowkarizi
Soodeh Shoaei
Hassan Behzadi
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده English

Purpose: the aim was to identify users' search strategies and the rate of using search strategies on the web.

Method: It is a practical survey. The statistical population included all the postgraduate students in the first semester at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 95 students were selected by stratified random sampling method. To gather the data, log files were used.

Findings: 12 search strategies were identified which was divided into 5 general categories. Iterative evaluation strategy in another tab was a new form of evaluation strategy of results. Among all, starting search strategies were the most commonly used category which were repeated 397 times, and the search results evaluation strategies were ranked afterward, with 321 replications. The category of Simultaneous multiple resource access strategies, with 77 repetitions, were also the least used strategies, but in particular, the recurring exploration strategy, with 21 repetitions, was the least applicable strategy. Conducting correlation test between strategies showed that some of Pearson's correlation coefficients were significant. The strongest relationship was between the starting search strategies and the search result evaluation strategies with a 0.591 correlation coefficient.

Discussion: The results showed that the majority of students used traditional and simple strategies, such as the formulation of search terms strategy and the iterative result evaluation strategy, and they used more complex strategies in few cases. These results showed that the students need to be trained in using strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Search strategies
Information-seeking
Web environment
Postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Asadi, M. (2015). Analysis of users’ query reformulation behavior in Web with regard to Wholis-tic/analytic cognitive styles, Web experience, and search task type. Human Information Interaction, 1(3), 191-203. (Persian)
Aula, A., Jhaveri, N & Käki, M. (2005). Information search and reaccess strategies of experienced web users. Paper presented at the 14th International Conference on World Wide Web. doi:10.1145/1060745.1060831
Bates, M.J. (1979). Information search tactics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 30(4), 205–214.
Bates, M.J. (1990). Where should the person stop and the information search interface start? Information Processing & Management, 26(5), 575–591.
Bates, M.J. (1992, May). Search and idea tactics. Interpretations of reference and bibliographic work. Chiba, Japan Retrieved 2016 Aug. 23, from https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/bates/articles/Information%20Search%20Tactics.html
Belkin, N.J., Marchetti, P.G. & Cool, C. (1993). Braque: Design of an interface to support userinteraction in information retrieval. Information Processing & Management. 29(3), 324-344.
Bhavnani, S.K. (2001). Important cognitive components of domain-specific search knowledge. In E.M. Voorhees & D.K. Harman (Eds.), The Tenth Text Retrieval Conference (pp. 571–578). Medford, NJ: Information Today. Retrieved 2016 Oct. 15, from http://trec.nist.gov/pubs/trec10/papers/TREC-2001-04.pdf
Borlund, P. (2000). Experimental components for the evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems. Journal of Documentation. 56(1), 71-90.
Eke, H.N., Omekwu, C.O. & Agbo, J. (2014). Internet Search Strategies Employed By Library and Information Science Students of University of Nigeria, Research. Library Philosophy and Practice, Retrieved 2016 Oct. 15, from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1194
Ford, N., (2000). Improving the “darkness to light” ratio in user‐related information retrieval research. Journal of Documentation. 56(6), 624-643.
Hariri, N., Asadi, M & Nooshinfard, F. (2014). Analysis of Researchers’ Information Searching Behavior Based on Verbal/ Imagery Cognitive Styles on Web. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 29(4), 1007-1036. (Persian)
Hariri, N., Mehraban, S. (2014). Search Strategies in Nanotechnology Databases: Log Analysis. Iranian Journal of Information Processing and Management, 29(1), 252-233. (Persian)
Hawk,W.B., Wang, P.(1999). Users’interaction with the World Wide Web: Problems & problem-solving. Paper presented at the 62nd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Retrieved 2016 Oct. 15, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ597576
Joo, S. (2013, July). How do users' search tactic selections influence search outputs in exploratory search tasks? Paper presented at the 13th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries. Indianapolis, IN. doi: 10.1145/2467696.2467761
Kim, K. S. (2001). Information seeking on the web: Effects of user ans task variables. Library & information Saience Research. 23(3), 233- 255.
Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Jiao, Q.C. & Bostick, S.L. (2004). Library anxiety: Theory, research, and applications. Lanham, Md.; Oxford: Scarecrow Press.
Raqi, S.A. & Zainab, A N. (2008). Observing strategies used by children when selecting books to browse, read or borrow. Journal of Educational Media & Library Sciences. 45(4), 483-503.
Savolainen, R. (2016). Information seeking and searching strategies as plans and patterns of action: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Documentation, 72(6), 2-28.
Scheaffer, R. I., Mendenhall, W., Ott, L. (2011). Elementary survey sampling‬ (N. R. Arghami, Sanjari & A. Bozorgnia, Trans.). Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. (Persian)
Shiri. A. (2010, July). Query Reformulation Strategies in an Interdisciplinary Digital Library: The Case of Nanoscience and Technology. Paper presented at the Fifth International Conference on Digital Information Management. Retrieved Agu. 13, 2016, from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5664718/
Thatcher, A. (2006). Web search strategies: The influence of web experience and task type. Information processing and Management, 44(3), 1308-1329.
Xie, I. (2000). Shifts of interactive intentions and information-seeking strategies in interactive information retrieval. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51(9), 841-857.
Xie, I. (2007). Shifts in information-seeking strategies in information retrieval in the digital age: Planned-situational model. Information Research. 12(4), Retrieved 2016, Mar. 21, from http://InformationR.net/ir/12-4/colis/colis22.html.
Xie, I. (2008). Interactive information retrieval in digital environments. Philadelphia: IGI Publishing, Hershey.
Xie, I. (2010). Information searching and search models, in Bates, M.J. and Niles Maack, M. (Eds), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd. ed.). Taylor & Francis, London, UK, 2592-2604.
Xie, I. & Joo, S. (2010). Transitions in search tactics during the web-based search process. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 61(11), 2188–2205.
Xie, I. & Joo, S. (2010). Tales from the field: Search strategies applied in web searching. Future Internet, 2(3), 259-281. Retrieved 2016, Agu. 13, from http://www.mdpi.com/1999-5903/2/3/259