ترجمه دانش و بررسی اثربخشی آن در علوم پزشکی

نویسندگان
علی عظیمی
اعظم صنعت جو
محمدحسین دیانی
رحمت اله فتاحی
دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: هدفِ ترجمه دانش، که در ایران و سایر کشورها با عناوین متعددی شناخته می‌شود، انتقال دانش علمی به عرصۀ عمل است. در پژوهش‌های پزشکی و مراقبت‌های سلامت، ترجمه دانش عبارت است از نیازسنجی، تولید دانش موثر، توجه به انواع مخاطبان، سنتز و ارزیابی دانش و نظارت بر استفادۀ مداوم. هدف پژوهش حاضر معرفی و بررسی اثربخشی ترجمه دانش در حوزۀ علوم پزشکی است.

روش پژوهش: برای معرفی ابعاد ترجمه دانش، از منابع مستند موجود و نظرات تنی چند از پژوهشگران بین‌المللی این حوزه استفاده شد. برای بررسی اثربخشی، علاوه بر استفاده از نظر متخصصان، از یکی از روش‌های سنتز دانش با عنوان مرور دامنه‌ای استفاده شد. با استفاده از جستجوی کلیدواژه‌ای، پژوهش‌های مرتبط در چند پایگاه اطلاعاتی برخط بازیابی و از بین 316 مطالعۀ مرتبط منتشر شده به زبان انگلیسی در 10 سال اخیر (2008 تا 2017)، 22 مطالعه وارد پژوهش شدند. فرایند انتخاب منابع نهایی بر اساس توصیه‌ها و الگوریتم PRISMA صورت گرفت. یافته‌ها بر اساس الگوی C+M=O یعنی: زمینه، سازوکار و پیامد بررسی شد.

یافته ­ها: ابتدا برخی ابعاد ترجمه دانش از جمله زمینه‌ها، عناوین موازی، سنتز دانش، هرم دانش، و مسئلۀ استفاده از الگوهای ترجمه دانش در غیر از علوم پزشکی بررسی شد. در مرحلۀ بعد، مرور دامنه‌ای مطالعات منتخب نشان داد که ترجمه دانش در اکثر موضوع‌های بررسی شده اثربخش بوده به نحوی که از 22 مطالعۀ بررسی شده تنها 3 پژوهش اثربخشی آن را تایید نکردند. آموزش عمده‌ترین مداخلۀ به کارگرفته شده برای بررسی اثربخشی ترجمه دانش بود.

نتیجه­ گیری: ترجمه دانش در برخی کشورهای غربی نظیر کانادا و امریکا و اخیراً در ایران با استقبال مواجه شده است. اگرچه ادعا می‌شود که در زمینه ترجمه دانش سرمایه‌گذاری لازم انجام نشده، بجز حوزۀ سیاست‌گذاری، اثربخشی آن بر متخصصان و عامۀ مردم مثبت ارزیابی می‌شود. با وجود این، تردیدهایی هست مبنی بر اینکه احتمالاً ترجمه دانش پارادایم جدیدی نیست و تنها بازگویی راهبردهای مرسوم در تولید و استفاده از دانش علمی است.



کلیدواژه‌ها
ترجمه دانش
هرم دانش
سنتز دانش
اثربخشی
مرور نظام‌مند
مرور دامنه‌ای
ترجمان دانش
علوم پزشکی

عنوان مقاله English

Knowledge Translation and an Assessment of its Effectiveness in Medical Fields

نویسندگان English

Ali Azimi
Azam Sanatjoo
Mohammad Hosein Dayani
Rahmatollah Fattahi
Ferdowsi University
چکیده English

Background and Aim: Known by different titles in Iran and worldwide, knowledge translation (KT) has been introduced to push the knowledge from theory to action. In medicine and healthcare research fields, KT reads as needs assessment procedures, producing effective knowledge, taking into account all types of audiences, knowledge synthesis, appraisal, and monitoring sustained knowledge use. This research aimed to introduce KT and assess its effectiveness in medical fields.

Methods: Description of KT was provided using available literature and ideas from some international KT researchers. KT effectiveness was assessed using some ideas from some experts in the KT field and also conducting a type of systematic review namely scoping review. Using keyword inquires relevant research were retrieved from several online databases and of 316 collected English articles published between 2008 and 2017, 22 articles were included. Selection of articles was based on PRISMA recommendations and flowchart. Findings were presented through C+M=O, i.e. context, mechanism, and outcome pattern configuration.

Results: Initially, various dimensions of KT such as its backgrounds, parallel names, knowledge synthesis, knowledge hierarchy, and issues of application of KT in other than medical fields were discussed. Then, through a scoping review general effectiveness of KT in most reviewed subjects was confirmed, so that of 22 assessed articles only 3 were not supportive. Education was the major intervention used for assessing effectiveness of KT.

Conclusion: KT has received attentions from some Western countries like Canada, the US and recently Iran. Despite the allegedly insufficient resources on KT, it has good results in practice for delivering knowledge to experts and lay people, with an exception of policy makers. However, there are some doubts as if KT is not a new paradigm but a restatement of traditional strategies in production and application of scientific knowledge.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Knowledge translation
Knowledge hierarchy
Knowedge synthesis
effectiveness
Systemat-ic review
Scoping Review
Medical field
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تعامل انسان و اطلاعات
دوره 4، شماره 2
تابستان 1396
صفحه 1-16