کاربرد مصاحبه واقعه‌مدار در مطالعات رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت

نویسندگان
1 دانشگاه تهران؛ دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز
2 دانشگاه تهران
3 دانشگاه شیراز
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: به دلیل تأکید بر ارتقای سلامت و خودمراقبتی، مطالعات رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت به عنوان یکی از شرایط برنامه‌ریزی خدمات و مداخلات اطلاعاتی سلامت اهمیت یافته است. عواملی چون توجه به مطالعات کاربر مدار، بافت و خودمراقبتی به‌کارگیری رویکردهایی که به مطالعه افراد در محیط طبیعی کمک می‏کند را ضروری ساخته است. بااین‌حال، نقد و بررسی‏ها حاکی از غلبه رویکردهای کمی و اثبات‌گرایی در این حوزه است. این مقاله قصد دارد به معرفی مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار به عنوان ابزاری برای گردآوری داده‏های منحصر به فرد از زندگی طبیعی افراد و کاربرد آن در مطالعات رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت بپردازد.

روش: در این مقاله مروری که به روش کتابخانه‌ای انجام شد، ابتدا به مفهوم رفتار اطلاع‏یابی سلامت و عوامل تأثیرگذار بر آن پرداخته شد. سپس اصول و مفاهیم مطرح در مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار از جمله روایت و مصاحبه روایتی معرفی و دلالت‏های کاربردی آن در پژوهش‌های رفتار اطلاع‏یابی سلامت مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در ادامه، مراحل اجرای مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار با ذکر مثال ارائه شد.

یافته‏ها: نقطه قوت مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار تمرکز بر روایت‏های افراد از تجربیات زیسته آنان به عنوان داده‏های پژوهش است که به پژوهشگران کمک می‌کند تجربیات افراد را از زاویه‌ای متفاوت با روش‌های متداول نگریسته و تحلیل کنند. سه دلالت کاربردی برای به کارگیری مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار در مطالعات رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت عبارت‌اند از: 1. تنیدگی رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت در زندگی روزمره، 2. تمرکز پژوهش‌های رفتار اطلاع‌یابی بر ارائه الگوی رفتار، و 3. هدفمند و عمدی بودن رفتار اطلاع‌یابی سلامت.

نتیجه‏گیری: مصاحبه واقعه‏مدار فضایی را برای شنیدن صدای گروه‌های مختلف اجتماع به ویژه افرادی که به دلیل بیماری و شرایط اجتماعی و فرهنگی صدایشان خاموش شده است فراهم می‏آورد. نکته‌ای که در طراحی و برنامه‌ریزی هرگونه خدمات و مداخلات اطلاعاتی سلامت باید اکیداً مورد توجه قرار گیرد.


کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Use of Episodic Interview in Health Information Seeking Studies

نویسندگان English

Nilofar Barahmand 1
Maryam Nakhoda 2
Fatima Fahiminia 2
Mahin Nazari 3
1 Tehran University; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
2 Tehran University
3 Shiraz University
چکیده English

Background and Aim: Due to recent attention to health promotion and self-care as one of the prerequisites of health services and intervention programs, health information seeking behavior research has gain increasing importance. Factors such as attention to user centered studies, context and self-care require using of methods and tools that help study people in their natural environment. However, review studies have shown the dominance of quantitative and positivist approaches in health information seeking behavior studies. This study aims at introducing episodic interview as a tool for gathering unique data from peoples’ natural lives and its application in health information seeking studies.

Method: This review article has been conducted by library method. It addresses health information seeking behavior concept and its affecting factors. It also introduces episodic interview and its underlying concepts including narration and narrative interviewing. Further, it investigates implications of applying episodic interview in health information behavior studies and eventually it discusses steps of conducting episodic interview with examples of narrations.

Findings: The strength point of episodic interview is its focus on narration of people about their lived experiences as research data which help researchers study and analyze people in a different way from conventional approaches. Implications of applying episodic interview are: 1.concentration of health information behavior studies on pattern of behavior, 2. health information seeking behavior being interwoven in everyday life, and 3. health information seeking behavior being intentional and purposeful.

Results: Episodic interview help researchers listen to the voices of different groups of people, especially whom their voice is not heard due to sickness and social and cultural conditions, a point which should be considered in designing any information and intervention services.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Health information seeking behavior
Qualitative Method
Narratives
Episodic interview
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